Public school teachers have a wonderful opportunity to shape the minds of the next generation. There is a great deal of satisfaction that comes from making an impact on a child鈥檚 life, but being a teacher isn鈥檛 always easy 鈥 especially in public school.
Teachers have always faced challenges but, in recent years, it seems to be getting more and more difficult for public school teachers to do their jobs well. Keep reading to learn about some of the current challenges facing public school teachers and what they could mean for the future.
What Are the Biggest Challenges Teachers Face?
With changes in public policy and legislation, the U.S. education system is constantly changing. Before we get into the details about recent changes which have introduced new challenges for public school teachers, let鈥檚 discuss some of the ongoing challenges teachers face in general. Here are a few:
- Poorly behaved students
- Limited resources and finances
- Difficult parents
- Federal requirements and standardized tests
- Time constraints
It is difficult enough to wrangle an elementary-age child but being responsible for a classroom full of them is another challenge entirely. When you throw in behavioral problems, it only makes it more difficult. Not only do you have to deal with poorly behaved students, but because you are forced to dedicate extra time to those students, the rest of the class may be neglected. Plus, taking the time to deal with behavioral problems takes away time you could be teaching.
Another major challenge that public-school teachers face is limited resources and financial constraints. Many teachers end up paying for school supplies out of their own pockets because, if they don鈥檛, their students would have to do without. In many urban environment, students don鈥檛 have access to textbooks or, if they do, they are outdated and falling apart.
Dealing with troublesome students is bad enough but many teachers would agree that dealing with difficult parents is worse. Every parent thinks his or her child is the most important student in the class so, as a teacher, you鈥檙e forced to walk the line between keeping the parents happy and doing what鈥檚 best for your students. If you鈥檙e lucky, support staff and school administration is there to help, but that isn鈥檛 always the case.
This video offers five tips for maintaining discipline in the classroom.
While teachers have some leeway when it comes to designing their curriculum and planning lessons, public schools are held to certain standards because they are dependent on federal funding. Unfortunately, this sometimes means that teachers are forced to teach their students in such a way that they will perform better on standardized tests rather than simply teaching them what they need to know to succeed. Add to this the fact that the school day is only so long, and you can see how teachers struggle to pack everything into one school year while still meeting these requirements.
Factors That Make Teaching More Difficult Now Than Ever
The challenges discussed above will remain constant, even as the United States education system continues to change. So, what are some of the modern factors that make it more difficult for teachers now than ever before? Here is a quick summary of some of these factors:
- Pressure to improve rankings and performance
- Limited or misdirected federal funding
- The privatization of public education
- Expanding roles and expectations for teachers
- Developments in modern technology
Now, let鈥檚 take a closer look at each of these factors and how they make a public-school teacher鈥檚 job more difficult now than it has been in the past.
1. Pressure to Improve Rankings and Performance
The United States is one of the wealthiest nations in the world and yet our students are performing woefully below students in other nations. This fact combined with changing skills in the workplace and a dearth of technically skilled workers puts additional pressure on the nation鈥檚 teachers.
Much of this pressure comes from a movement that began in 2002 when the No Child Left Behind act was signed into law. This act was developed out of the concern that the American education system was no longer competitive on an international level. It called for an increase in the federal role that held public schools responsible for the academic progress of its students. The act called for a push toward reaching a goal of 100% proficiency in reading and math with a secondary goal of having 100% highly qualified teachers by 2006.
By now, several states have opted out of the program and a new one has risen in its place 鈥 Common Core Curriculum. The Common Core State Standards Initiative represents a set of high-quality academic standards in both the English language arts/literacy and mathematics. These standards dictate exactly what a student should know at the end of each grade level in public school.
This video explains how college and career readiness reforms are driving changes in the ways in which the nation uses student test data.
In a perfect world, these standards would make sure that every graduating high school senior is fully prepared with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in life or in college. Unfortunately, these standards create their own set of problems for teachers and students alike.
Public school students are forced to take exhausting standardized tests every year and performance expectations are higher than ever. Meanwhile, public school teachers are required to stick to a strict curriculum, often with scripts they are actually required to follow in class. This puts added pressure on the teacher to follow the script and many teachers have begun to worry that they will be held personally responsible if their students fail to meet performance standards.
In addition to the difficulties that come with teaching to specific standards under the Common Core Curriculum, teachers also find themselves dealing with more student stress. Rather than adapting their teaching to meet the needs of their students, teachers are required to follow scripts and they risk being down-graded if they don鈥檛.
2. Limited or Misdirected Federal Funding
When it comes to issues of funding for public schools, the waters are pretty murky. Generally speaking, the U.S. Government spends about 10 cents of every dollar on K-12 education. What you may not know is that this number is much lower than most other countries in the world. In fact, it wasn鈥檛 until President Lyndon Johnson passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act that the U.S. government even created a lasting funding program for public K-12 education.
So, if such a small portion of the funding public schools receive comes from the federal government, where does the rest come from? It largely comes from state and local governments from things like sales tax, income tax, and property taxes.
As you can probably imagine, this level of reliance on local and state funding creates a major problem within the public education system. It means that the lowest income areas provide the least amount of funding to the districts that serve students who have the greatest needs. This is often referred to as the Funding Gap and it is a serious problem.
Not only do schools and educators have to deal with issues like the funding gap in relation to local and state funds, but there are also problems with the misappropriation of limited federal funds.
This video explains the crisis in education funding which the U.S. is facing.
Take special education as an example. According to one estimate, 40% of federal funding increases since the 1960s have been focused on special education. These increases in funding are correlated with an increase in screening and support services for students with special needs. It is important to note, however, that teacher salaries have either barely kept pace with inflation or have remained unchanged in recent years.
But what exactly does this mean?
First of all, you should know that only about 10% of the American student population is special needs and yet these programs receive a disproportionate amount of funds. This makes sense when you consider that while providing special needs education is important, it only affects 10% of the population. Providing highly qualified teachers, on the other hand, affects 100% of the population.
Another way to view the problem of misappropriation of funds is to compare the amount the U.S. government spends on education (compared to other countries) with the results of that education.
Take for example the fact that Russia spends one-third as much as the U.S. spends on each child in a given year and yet their literacy rate is higher. In math, Russia scores one point higher than the U.S. and they score within 10 points in Science on international tests. Overall, the U.S. ranks 24th out of 45 for universal early childhood education.
All of this is to say that public school teachers in the United States have some of the greatest resources at their disposal, and yet these resources are not being used to their best advantage. Rather, teachers are forced to make due with less than they need while being held to ever-increasing standards.
3. The Privatization of Public Education
Education has always been a public service in the United States but, in many ways, it has also become a business. Less than 8% of the nation鈥檚 GDP is spent on education and, while 80% of that spending is made by federal, state, and local governments, more of it is controlled by private entities.
When it comes to government funding, every public-school student in the United States is worth about $10,000 per year. This means that, over the course of a child鈥檚 primary and secondary education, each child is essentially a check for $120,000 written to the school district. This is an average, of course, and some states spend more than others.
For example, the state of New York spends over $20,000 per student per year. While much of that goes toward teacher salaries, it is also used to cover costs for employee benefits, administrative costs, supplies, and support services.
Schools that depend on government funding are beholden to national standards. Charter schools almost walk the line between public and private schools by accepting federal funds as well as private donations. In areas where the population is wealthy enough to subsidize costs with private donations from parents, charter schools serve their students well. Meanwhile, traditional public-school teachers may struggle to provide their students with textbooks or with extra-curricular activities and programs for the arts.
To give you an example, a charter school in Los Altos, California asks for a $5,000 donation for each child. So, while the school technically remains a public school, it is acting like a private school that is subsidized by government funding.
4. Expanding Roles and Expectations for Teachers
Not only are public school teachers expected to meet certain standards for student performance, but it has become an increasing trend that they fill additional roles in their students鈥 lives. If you think back to the beginning of this article, you鈥檒l remember some of the practical challenges teachers face 鈥 things like behavioral issues and special needs.
These challenges can become a distraction in the classroom and they can prevent individual students from learning and progressing at the same rate as other students. In a perfect world, public services (both in the school and outside of it) would help to remedy those problems so they don鈥檛 interfere with a child鈥檚 education.
Unfortunately, funding for these services is limited and, more and more, teachers themselves are forced to take on these supportive roles. Here are some of the roles we鈥檙e talking about:
- Counseling 鈥 The whole point of the Common Core Curriculum is to prepare students for college and yet school counsellors spend just 10% of their time counseling students about college. School counselors are faced with overwhelming caseloads with the national average for student-counselor ratios at a whopping 460-to-1, compared to an ideal ratio of 250-to-1. Public school teachers are often forced to pick up the slack where counselors aren鈥檛 able to keep up with their caseload.
- Psychology 鈥 Mental health issues can affect people of all ages and they can be particularly challenging for children. In a school setting, a psychologist can help forge a link between parental involvement and teachers/administrators or special educators to help a student work through his challenges. Unfortunately, it often falls on the teacher to see that these services are implemented and to monitor and report on the student鈥檚 progress.
- Social Work 鈥 Public school students face a variety of challenges at home, in school, and in their communities. Whereas social workers once focused on issues of abuse and truancy, they are now called upon to deal with issues related to medical needs, food, housing, tutoring, and even developing social skills. Like counselors, social workers carry a huge caseload and it often falls on the teacher鈥檚 shoulders to identify the need for social services and to coordinate them.
- Special Education 鈥 Prior to the passing of the 鈥淓ducation for All Handicapped Children Act鈥 in 1975, only 1 in 5 children with disabilities received any kind of accommodation at school. The program was expanded in 1990 and now over 6 million special needs children receive accommodations. Many teachers are still forced, however, to work with special needs students without support which means that they must take time away from other students to offer one-on-one direction.
These are just a few of the many supplementary roles public school teachers often find themselves filling. Teaching is by no means an easy job, but it can still be quite rewarding. Unfortunately, all of the challenges discussed in this article lead to a high burn-out rate for teachers and salary discrepancies prevent the most qualified teachers from working in the school districts where they are most needed.
5. Developments in Modern Technology
The world of technology is advancing at an alarming rate. While many of these advances are beneficial, they can sometimes cause certain challenges. For example, public school students from low-income areas may not have access to technology at home or in the school yet, by the time they enter the 鈥渞eal world,鈥 they鈥檒l be expected to know how to use that technology.
As a public-school teacher, you鈥檒l be expect to know how to use new technologies and to make use of it for teaching purposes. This puts a great deal of pressure on teachers because they must often dedicate personal time to learning how to use the technology. You must also consider that low-income school districts may not even have access to the kind of technology both students and teachers are expected to be able to use.
Do You Have What It Takes?
After reading this article, you may be second-guessing your decision to pursue a career in education. While the life of a teacher has its challenges, it also has its rewards. The truth of the matter is, however, that you need to have a passion for teaching if you鈥檙e going to survive in this field. Being forced to work under immense pressure and fulfilling a variety of roles for your students will be exhausting, so you need to be fully devoted to the task if you鈥檙e going to take on that kind of responsibility.
Though teaching is definitely a challenging career path, it is worth it in the end when you see just how much you have impacted a student鈥檚 life. That is an impact that will live on forever.
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